titleGUI-Primitives: Diagnosing Spatial Reasoning Failures in Vision-Language GUI Grounding
authorsMd Abrar Jahin, Md Rizwan Parvez
date2026-08-22
venuearXiv (preprint, not peer reviewed)
idarXiv:2608.21832
affiliationUSC Information Sciences Institute
upvotes8 (Hugging Face Daily Papers, 2026-11-01)
linksabs pdf hf code
abstractComputer-use agents ground natural-language instructions in screenshots to locate interface elements, yet existing benchmarks do not isolate whether models bind relational language to the correct element. We introduce GUI-Primitives, a 994-item benchmark of contrastive instruction pairs over seven spatial relations in graphical user interfaces (left/right, above/below, containment, alignment, proximity, list ordinal, occlusion). Each pair holds the screenshot and anchor fixed while changing the relation expression, so the correct target moves between two designated candidates. Five annotators validate a 196-item subset (κ= 0.94 well-formedness; κ= 0.79 target selection). Nineteen vision-language models reach at most 32% strict point-in-box accuracy. Because models emit unconstrained coordinates, we classify each prediction by the candidate region it falls within. Predictions fall outside both candidates on 60-92% of items. Conditional on falling within a candidate region, target selection reaches 0.82-0.90 for horizontal position, vertical position, proximity, and list ordinal, but does not differ significantly from 0.50 for containment and occlusion: most failures reflect candidate localization rather than relation understanding. Across ten models, benchmark accuracy correlates with ScreenSpot-Pro accuracy (Spearman ρ= +0.74), an exploratory association at this sample size. Marking the two designated candidates raises selection accuracy by 35--57 percentage points, an oracle diagnostic that supplies the candidate set rather than a deployable method. We release the benchmark, predictions, and code.

cite

@misc{jahin2026gui,
  title={GUI-Primitives: Diagnosing Spatial Reasoning Failures in Vision-Language GUI Grounding},
  author={Md Abrar Jahin and Md Rizwan Parvez},
  year={2026},
  eprint={2608.21832},
  archivePrefix={arXiv},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.21832}
}